As China continues its expansion into Central Asia, its influence is becoming increasingly pervasive in Tashkent, with Chinese-branded goods and businesses dominating the city. Chinese nationals are flocking to Uzbekistan, seeing it as a safe and stable option for work and business opportunities. The recent introduction of a visa-free regime has only accelerated this trend. However, it is important to question the motivations of Chinese entrepreneurs and the nature of their experiences in Uzbekistan. It is important for Uzbekistan to carefully consider the implications of this growing Chinese presence, particularly in terms of economic and political influence.
At the same time, the demand for Chinese engineers and specialists in the region has also increased. Uzbekistan is regarded as a more favourable partner for China in the area, with the local population demonstrating greater friendliness toward Chinese nationals. In contrast to other countries in Central Asia, in Uzbekistan, there has been an absence of significant anti-China protests. It is concerning that the apparent friendliness and hospitality of the local population could be exploited by China to advance its economic and political interests in the region. The Uzbek government must carefully weigh the potential benefits and drawbacks of deepening ties with China and ensure that the country’s sovereignty is not compromised.
While Chinese expats in Uzbekistan have generally not reported experiencing discrimination, many have encountered challenges when doing business in the country. These challenges include navigating differences in regulations, taxation, and financial systems, as well as dealing with government interference, corruption, and inefficiency. Chinese migrants in Uzbekistan also face language and cultural barriers, which are among the most commonly mentioned difficulties. In addition, they have to contend with underdeveloped infrastructure for online shopping, payment, and postal services, as well as higher prices for manufactured goods and clothing. Respondents also noted poor road conditions and the stark contrast in living conditions between Uzbekistan and China, particularly in terms of urban development.
It is alarming that some Chinese expats appear to be experiencing difficulties due to corruption and government interference, suggesting that China may be taking advantage of Uzbekistan’s hospitality to advance its own interests. The Uzbek government must ensure that Chinese businesses and individuals are held accountable to the same standards as local businesses and individuals. The expanding presence of China in Uzbekistan is driven by various factors such as favorable relations with their home country, geographical proximity, positive attitudes from local people, and new business opportunities. However, the challenges associated with integrating into the local society have made many Chinese expats skeptical about a long-term future in Uzbekistan.
The experiences of Chinese migrants in Uzbekistan are a mixed bag of adaptation and integration. While they appreciate the friendly reception and hospitality of the local people, they also face difficulties related to language, culture, and business practices, making their integration into Uzbek society challenging. Despite these challenges, Chinese nationals living in Uzbekistan report an overall satisfaction rate of 7 out of 10, with the primary positive aspects being the welcoming attitude of the local population and the sense of security within the country. As pandemic-era restrictions and policies come to an end, it is likely that the number of Chinese individuals residing in Uzbekistan for extended periods will increase significantly in the coming years.
Examining the Uzbek perspective on the increasing Chinese presence in their country is crucial to comprehend the developing dynamic between the two nations. A recent survey of local citizens sheds light on the opportunities and challenges inherent in the growing China-Uzbekistan relationship, as well as concerns about the balance of power. According to the survey, 42 percent of the 100 respondents reported a noticeable increase in the number of Chinese nationals and businesses in Uzbekistan this year. Additionally, 89 percent of those surveyed believed that Chinese businesses and investments were creating more job opportunities in Uzbekistan. The survey also underscored China’s considerable economic influence in Uzbekistan, with 81 percent of respondents believing that China now holds significant economic sway over their country. This growing interdependence is the result of bilateral agreements, trade, and investments.
However, the survey also revealed that many Uzbeks hold reservations about the increasing Chinese presence. Only 29 percent of respondents had a neutral stance, with 48 percent expressing negative attitudes, and 24 percent viewing the trend positively. This data suggests that although the China-Uzbekistan relationship has benefits, a considerable portion of the local population remains uneasy.
Uzbekistan needs to approach its relationship with China very carefully while giving ample weight to the negative experiences of other countries with China.
